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Climate science for 2050
Guy Brasseur1,2* Detlef Stammer3 Pierre Friedlingstein4,5 Gabriele Hegerl6 Tiffany Shaw7 Kevin Trenberth2,8 Jadwiga Richter2 Carolina Vera9 André Berger10 Helen Cleugh11 Steve Easterbrook12 Paul Edwards13 Daniela Jacob14 Michael Mann15 Valérie Masson-Delmotte16 Gavin Schmidt17 Mary Scholes18 Thomas Stocker19 Martin Visbeck20 Guoxiong Wu21
1 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
2 NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
3 Center für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
4 Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
5 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France
6 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
7 Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
8 Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
9 Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)/Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
10 Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
11 Institute for Climate, Energy and Disaster Solutions, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
12 Department of Computer Science and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
13 Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
14 GERICS Climate Service Center Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
15 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
16 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ 8212), Université Paris Saclay et Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France
17 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States
18 School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
19 Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
20 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
21 Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Knowledge of the functioning of the climate system, including the physical, dynamical and biogeochemical feedback processes expected to occur in response to anthropogenic climate forcing, has increased substantially over recent decades. Today, climate science is at a crossroads, with new and urgent demands arising from the needs of society to deal with future climate change, and the need for the climate science community to refine its strategic goals to meet these demands rapidly. All possible—but currently unknown—worlds in 2050, with a larger global population, unprecedented climate conditions with higher temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, sea level rise, disrupted ecosystems, changes in habitability and increased climate-induced displacement and migration, and the emergence of new geopolitical tensions, will require limiting society’s vulnerability both through mitigation measures to minimize further warming and through the implementation of innovative adaptation initiatives. The development of a skillful climate information system, based on the most advanced Earth system science, will be required to inform decision-makers and the public around the world about the local and remote impacts of climate change, and guide them in optimizing their adaptation and mitigation agendas. This information will also help manage renewable resources in a warmer world and strengthen resilience to the expected interconnected impacts of climate change. In this paper, we summarize the major advances needed to understand the multiscale dynamics of the Earth system. We highlight the need to develop an integrated information system accessible to decision-makers and citizens in all parts of the world, and present some of the key scientific questions that need to be addressed to inform decisions on mitigation and adaptation. Finally, we speculate about the values and ethics of climate science and the nature of climate research in a world that will be increasingly affected by global warming in a geopolitical context very different from that of recent decades.
全文:https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1554685
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